Need to declare the higher Himalaya an eco-sensitive zone, reiterates NGT

New Delhi: In a significant step toward protecting one of the world’s most fragile and ecologically vital regions, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on Monday heard a case concerning the declaration of the Higher Himalaya as an eco-sensitive zone.

The Tribunal was presided over by Hon’ble Mr. Justice Prakash Shrivastava (Chairperson), Hon’ble Dr. A. Senthil Vel, and Hon’ble Mr. Ishwar Singh, both Expert Members.

The matter, which has been under deliberation since late 2023, aims to ensure the sustainable development and ecological preservation of the Higher Himalayas amidst rising threats from climate change, unregulated tourism, and rampant infrastructure development.

The Tribunal had earlier constituted a joint Committee to study the issue, which submitted its final report on 11 July 2024, backed by an affidavit from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Advocates Mr. Avneesh Arputham and Mr. Ankit Sharma appeared for the MoEF&CC, with Mr. Adarsh Chamoli and Mr. Anil Jaryal representing other respondents.

Key Recommendations of the Joint Committee: The Committee outlined a 13-point action plan, emphasizing a holistic approach to protect the Himalayan ecosystem. Highlights include:

Early Warning and Monitoring Systems: Development of robust early warning systems for abnormal weather, snowmelt, and glacial lake outbursts, with effective communication to downstream areas. Scientific Studies on Sediment Transport: Acknowledging the lack of quantitative data on sediment transport, the Committee emphasized the need for long-term, methodologically sound studies.

Construction Regulations: Stringent geological and geotechnical assessments for hydroelectric projects, roads, and tunnels. Periodic audits of multi-story buildings and retrofitting of old structures in tourist hubs were also recommended. Slope Stability and Soil Assessment: Anthropogenic interventions such as poorly planned construction have destabilized slopes. Scientific assessment of soil parameters, slope angles, and bearing capacities should guide urban planning.

Promotion of Eco-Friendly Tourism: Lightweight, eco-friendly accommodations and responsible waste management should be encouraged to reduce pressure on infrastructure. Policy Reforms and Awareness: Amendments to town and country planning laws to support environmental sustainability, along with public awareness campaigns.

Restriction on Blasting and Excavation: Prohibition of rock blasting and removal of boulders from landslide-prone areas to maintain hillside stability. Drainage and Water Management: Buildings must have proper drainage systems to prevent subsurface water accumulation that can lead to land creeping and structural damage.

Afforestation Initiatives: Use of native tree species such as oaks for stabilizing degraded slopes and preventing soil erosion. Strict Waste Management Protocols: Enforcement of waste regulations, particularly around water bodies. Introduction of QR-code based refund systems for plastic waste.

Ban on Single Use Plastics: Complete enforcement of the ban on SUPs and promotion of biodegradable alternatives. Community Participation: Involvement of local populations in environmental conservation and risk awareness programs.

Tourism and Grazing Control: Assessment of carrying capacities in tourist zones and alpine pastures, with regulated entry based on scientific thresholds.

The Tribunal acknowledged the Committee’s findings and emphasized the urgent need to translate these recommendations into enforceable policies. With climate change posing increasing threats—evidenced by flash floods, landslides, and glacial retreats—the ecological integrity of the Higher Himalayas is under unprecedented strain.