Cold Desert Biosphere reserve in HP joins UNESCO’s global network

Paris: In a significant boost to India’s conservation and sustainable development efforts, the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve of Himachal Pradesh has been included in the prestigious World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).

The announcement was made during the 37th Session of UNESCO’s International Coordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, held on September 27, 2025.

Located in the Trans-Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve encompasses parts of Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur districts. Known for its stark landscapes, unique high-altitude ecosystems, and rare biodiversity, the reserve hosts species such as the snow leopard, along with a rich cultural heritage of local communities who practice sustainable pastoralism and agriculture.

With this recognition, the Cold Desert becomes the 20th site from India to join the global network, which currently spans 134 countries with over 700 reserves. Inclusion in the WNBR not only highlights the ecological significance of the region but also strengthens opportunities for research, knowledge exchange, eco-tourism, and sustainable livelihoods for local populations.

Officials from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) welcomed the announcement, noting that it underscores India’s commitment to balancing conservation with community-led development in ecologically sensitive areas.

“With this addition, India now proudly has 13 Biospheres listed in UNESCOs’ World Network of Biosphere Reserves, which reflects India’s commitment towards biodiversity conservation and community-led sustainable development” said Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav.

UNESCO’s MAB Programme promotes innovative approaches to conservation and sustainable use of natural resources through global collaboration. By joining the WNBR, the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve is now part of an international platform that fosters learning, cooperation, and resilience-building in the face of climate change.

The Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve was officially notified in 2009 by the Government of India. It covers parts of the Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur districts of Himachal Pradesh in the Trans-Himalayan region. The area lies at altitudes ranging from about 3,000 to over 6,000 meters above sea level.

Characterized by an extreme cold desert climate, the region has long, harsh winters with temperatures dipping below –20°C, and short summers. The terrain consists of rugged mountains, glaciers, high passes, and sparse vegetation.

Despite the harsh conditions, the reserve is home to rare and endangered wildlife such as the snow leopard, Himalayan ibex, blue sheep (bharal), Tibetan wolf, and red fox. Vegetation is sparse, dominated by alpine shrubs, grasses, and medicinal plants adapted to high altitudes.

Indigenous communities, including those of Tibetan Buddhist heritage, inhabit the region. They practice sustainable pastoralism, agriculture, and traditional resource management. The cultural landscape includes ancient monasteries and unique architectural styles adapted to the environment.

The biosphere reserve serves as a crucial ecological zone for studying climate change impacts on fragile mountain ecosystems, water security (being part of the Indus River basin), and sustainable livelihood models in extreme environments.